Vietnam has grown to become the largest container market in SE Asia (excluding transhipment volumes), having overtaken the Philippines in 2007, Malaysia in 2009, Thailand in 2011 and Indonesia in 2020. Vietnam container port volumes have recovered strongly from the nationwide lockdowns in the second half of 2021 but there are also early signs of softening volumes, with Ho Chi Minh City and Cai Mep volumes down 3.9% in Jan-Jul 2022 compared to the same period last year. Northern Vietnam volumes